Faraci, Frank M., and Donald D. Heistad. Regulation of the Cerebral Circulation: Role of
Endothelium and Potassium Channels. Physiol. Rev. 78: 53–97, 1998.—Several new …

Brain drug delivery plays an essential role in modern drug development for the central
nervous system (eNS). In the past, the pathway from new drug discovery to drug …

Background and Purpose—High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) exhibits inflammatory
cytokine-like activity in the extracellular space. We previously demonstrated that intravenous …

Cerebral microvessel endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier (BBB) have tight
junctions (TJ) that are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and low permeability. Both …

Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Nitric oxide
(NO•), a molecule that is involved in the regulation of proper blood flow, vasodilation …

Central nervous system cytotoxicity is linked to neurodegenerative disorders. The objective
of the study was to investigate whether monosodium glutamate (MSG) neurotoxicity can be …

Brain edema is a life-threatening complication of cerebral infarction. The molecular cascade
initiated by cerebral ischemia includes the loss of membrane ionic pumps and cell swelling …

The brain is generally considered immunoprivileged, although increasing examples of
immunological responses to brain antigens, neuronal expression of major histocompatibility …

Endothelial barrier function is altered by the release of soluble polymorphonuclear leukocyte
(PMN)-derived mediators during inflammatory states. However, endogenous pathways to …

Glutamate levels increase dramatically in cerebral ischemia and stroke. This may lead to
opening of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and induce further brain damage. Because …