It is a common practice for decades to use of sub-therapeutic dose of antibiotics in food-
animal feeds to prevent animals from diseases and to improve production performance in …

Traditional vaccines, based on the administration of killed or attenuated microorganisms,
have proven to be among the most effective methods for disease prevention. Safety issues …

Combining immunostimulants in adjuvants can improve the quality of the immune response
to vaccines. Here, we report a unique mechanism of molecular and cellular synergy …

Small molecule Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonists have demonstrated potential as vaccine
adjuvants, since they directly activate APCs and can enhance both humoral and cellular …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are stand-alone immunomodulators or
'danger signals,'that are increasingly recognized as critical components of many modern …

Adjuvant System AS01 is a liposome-based vaccine adjuvant containing 3-O-desacyl-4′-
monophosphoryl lipid A and the saponin QS-21. AS01 has been selected for the clinical …

Current research and development of antigens for vaccination often center on purified
recombinant proteins, viral subunits, synthetic oligopeptides or oligosaccharides, most of …

Salmonella species are important zoonotic pathogens that cause gastrointestinal disease in
humans and animals. Poultry products contaminated with these pathogens are one of the …

Nucleic acid vaccines have the potential to address issues of safety and effectiveness
sometimes associated with vaccines based on live attenuated viruses and recombinant viral …

Adjuvant, as an important part of vaccines, can observably enhance the magnitude, breadth
and durability of immune responses. Nanoadjuvants, as novel vaccine adjuvants, have …