Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science have given rise to a new form of
materials, namely engineered living materials (ELMs), which are composed of living matter …

Phage display technology, which is based on the presentation of peptide sequences on the
surface of bacteriophage virions, was developed over 30 years ago. Improvements in phage …

The ever-increasing demands for clean and sustainable energy sources combined with
rapid advances in biointegrated portable or implantable electronic devices have stimulated …

Pathogenic microorganisms are causative agents of various infectious diseases that are
becoming increasingly serious worldwide. For the successful treatment of pathogenic …

Lipases and phospholipases are interfacial enzymes that hydrolyze hydrophobic ester
linkages of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, respectively. In addition to their role as …

The past two decades have witnessed the emergence of macrocycles, including macrocyclic
peptides, as a promising yet underexploited class of de novo drug candidates. Both …

Biocatalysts are creating increased interest among researchers due to their unique
properties. Several enzymes are efficiently produced by microorganisms. However, the use …

Cancer is one of the major and leading causes of death worldwide. Two of the greatest
challenges in fighting cancer are early detection and effective treatments with no or …

Our previous contribution to increasing the efficiency of directed evolution is iterative
saturation mutagenesis (ISM) as a systematic means of generating focused libraries for the …