Turkey (Türkiye) lies at the nexus of Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa.
Turkey's location, mountains, and its encirclement by three seas have resulted in high …

Changes in chromosome numbers may strongly affect reproductive barriers, because
individuals heterozygous for distinct karyotypes are typically expected to be at least partially …

Phylogenetic trees in insects are frequently dated by applying a “standard” mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) clock estimated at 2.3% My− 1, but despite its wide use reliable calibration …

Background DNA barcoding, ie the use of a 648 bp section of the mitochondrial gene
cytochrome c oxidase I, has recently been promoted as useful for the rapid identification and …

Taxa are frequently labeled incertae sedis when their placement is debated at ranks above
the species level, such as their subgeneric, generic, or subtribal placement. This is a …

Background The State of Bavaria is involved in a research program that will lead to the
construction of a DNA barcode library for all animal species within its territorial boundaries …

The reinforcement model of evolution argues that natural selection enhances pre-zygotic
isolation between divergent populations or species by selecting against unfit hybrids, or …

Most taxonomists agree on the need to adapt current classifications to recognize
monophyletic units. However, delineations between higher taxonomic units can be based on …

The systematic relationships of the butterfly family Pieridae are poorly understood. Much of
our current understanding is based primarily on detailed morphological observations made …

DNA barcoding employs short, standardized gene regions (5'segment of mitochondrial
cytochrome oxidase subunit I for animals) as an internal tag to enable species identification …