Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is found in all genomes.
Although synonymous mutations were previously thought to be silent, a large body of …

Cells rely on stress response pathways to uphold cellular homeostasis and limit the negative
effects of harmful environmental stimuli. The stress-and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) …

Cancer cells selectively promote translation of specific oncogenic transcripts to facilitate
cancer survival and progression, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood …

Problems arising during translation of mRNAs lead to ribosome stalling and collisions that
trigger a series of quality control events. However, the global cellular response to ribosome …

Single-cell sequencing methods have enabled in-depth analysis of the diversity of cell types
and cell states in a wide range of organisms. These tools focus predominantly on …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors have a nutrient-poor, desmoplastic, and
highly innervated tumor microenvironment. Although neurons can release stimulatory factors …

Nucleotide metabolism supports RNA synthesis and DNA replication to enable cell growth
and division. Nucleotide depletion can inhibit cell growth and proliferation, but how cells …

Premature termination codons (PTCs) prevent translation of a full-length protein and trigger
nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Nonsense suppression (also termed readthrough) …

The Gcn pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes, including mammals such as humans,
where it is a crucial part of the integrated stress response (ISR). Gcn1 serves as an essential …

The ribotoxic stress response (RSR) is a signaling pathway in which the p38-and c-Jun N-
terminal kinase (JNK)–activating mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) …