For decades, lactic acid has been considered a dead-end product of glycolysis. Research in
the last 20+ years has shown otherwise. Through its transporters (MCTs) and receptor …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is characterized by the
accumulation of amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Much attention …

Introduction The mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment associated with COVID‐19
are not well understood. Methods Brain lysates from control and COVID‐19 patients were …

Cognitive dysfunction (CD) in heart failure (HF) adversely affects treatment compliance and
quality of life. Although ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) has been linked to cardiac muscle …

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate the rapid release of calcium (Ca2+) from intracellular
stores into the cytosol, which is essential for numerous cellular functions including excitation …

The term proteostasis reflects the fine-tuned balance of cellular protein levels, mediated
through a vast network of biochemical pathways. This requires the regulated control of …

Ca2+ is a fundamental second messenger in all cell types and is required for numerous
essential cellular functions, including cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction. The …

Although the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) extends throughout axons and axonal ER
dysfunction is implicated in numerous neurological diseases, its role at nerve terminals is …

A proper response against stressors is critical for survival. In mammals, the stress response
is primarily mediated by secretion of glucocorticoids via the hypothalamic–pituitary …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria and lysosomes are physically and/or
functionally linked, establishing close contact sites between these organelles. As a …