Early research on wartime violence against civilians highlighted a distinction between macro-
and micro-level approaches. Macro-level approaches, grounded in the international …

Executive summary The multiple and overlapping crises faced by countries, regions, and the
world appear unprecedented in their magnitude and complexity. Protracted conflicts …

Does foreign aid build peace? The answer is of paramount importance for policy makers
and practitioners, given that the world's poor are growing increasingly concentrated in …

The effects of most kinds of project aid decline over distance, so in order for aid to help the
poor it must be targeted to the places where the poor live. This paper examines if aid from …

" Areas of limited statehood are ubiquitous. Most states in the contemporary international
system contain areas in which states are too weak to set and enforce rules and/or lack the …

The paper presents findings from the first-ever systematic review of the causal impact of
development aid on violence in countries affected by civil war. The review identifies 19 …

Prevalent counterinsurgency theories posit that small development aid projects can help
stabilize regions in conflict. A widely assumed mechanism runs through citizen attitudes …

Forced migration has a complex relationship with the environment. The type of policy
responses required to alleviate distress migration and improve the livelihoods of involuntary …

International organizations and national governments deliver billions of dollars in
development assistance each year to citizens in ongoing insurgencies. Existing work shows …

Abstract Purpose of Review Summary of research on the consequences of extreme weather
events, which manifest themselves as disasters, for collective violence as well as on policy …