Nonunion following a long bone fracture causes considerable morbidity when it occurs. Risk
factors depend on specific fractures but there is a complex interplay of injury severity …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease known by the presence of
elevated blood glucose levels. Nowadays, it is perceived as a worldwide epidemic, with a …

Critical-sized bone defect repair in patients with diabetes mellitus remains a challenge in
clinical treatment because of dysfunction of macrophage polarization and the inflammatory …

Bone is richly innervated by nerve growth factor–responsive (NGF-responsive) tropomyosin
receptor kinase A–expressing (TrKa-expressing) sensory nerve fibers, which are required …

Regenerating defective bone in patients with diabetes mellitus remains a significant
challenge due to high blood glucose level and oxidative stress. Here we aim to tackle this …

Fracture risk is significantly increased in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and individuals
with diabetes experience worse fracture outcomes than normoglycemic individuals. Factors …

Abstract➢ Many risk factors for fracture nonunion are well supported in the orthopaedic
literature, including location of the fracture site, surgical treatment, bone displacement, type …

Summary Diabetes affects 10–15% of the surgical population and patients with diabetes
undergoing surgery have greater complication rates, mortality rates and length of hospital …

Repair of critical-size bone defects in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has always been
a challenge in clinical treatment. The process of bone defect regeneration can be impaired …

OBJECTIVE Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) is used in assessment of patients for elective surgeries
because hyperglycemia increases risk of adverse events. However, the interplay of A1C …