Eye is the unique sense organ with complex and sophisticated anatomy and physiology.
Being most instrumental for vision, it is secured by varied protective barriers; ranging from …

Many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular
(AMD) degeneration, are associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels …

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) play a crucial role in the visual pathway. As their axons form
the optic nerve, apoptosis of these cells causes neurodegenerative vision loss. RGC death …

Oxidative stress (OS) refers to an imbalance between free radicals (FRs), namely highly
reactive molecules normally generated in our body by several pathways, and intrinsic …

Abstract Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is an adaptable and finely tuned system that
sustains proteostasis network under a large variety of physiopathological conditions. Its …

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are neurons of the visual system that are responsible for
transmitting signals from the retina to the brain via the optic nerve. Glaucoma is an optic …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impacting cognition,
function, and behavior in the elderly population. While there are currently no disease …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease associated with aging.
Development of AMD is related to degeneration and dysfunction of the retinal pigment …

The immunoproteasome is a specialized form of proteasome equipped with modified
catalytic subunits that was initially discovered to play a pivotal role in MHC class I antigen …

The complexity of the human eye structure poses challenges in the diagnosis and treatment
of ocular diseases, especially the low efficiency of ocular drug delivery. With the continuous …