Healthy articular cartilage, covering the ends of bones in major joints such as hips and
knees, presents the most efficiently‐lubricated surface known in nature, with friction …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated disease that primarily affects the
synovium of diarthrodial joints. During the course of RA, the synovium transforms into a …

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising resource for allogeneic cartilage
transplantation to treat articular cartilage defects that do not heal spontaneously and often …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of disability around the globe,
especially in aging populations. The main symptoms of OA are pain and loss of motion and …

The hydration lubrication paradigm, whereby hydration layers are both strongly held by the
charges they surround, and so can support large pressures without being squeezed out, and …

Lubricin is a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein secreted in the synovial joint that plays an
important role in cartilage integrity. In healthy joints, lubricin molecules coat the cartilage …

Hyaluronan, lubricin and phospholipids, molecules ubiquitous in synovial joints, such as
hips and knees, have separately been invoked as the lubricants responsible for the …

The anatomic forms of diarthrodial joints are important structural features which provide and
limit the motions required for the joint. Typically, the length scale of topographic variation of …

Synovial fluid is a viscous solution found in the cavities of synovial joints. The principal role
of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during …

The long-term integrity of an articulating joint is dependent upon the nourishment of its
cartilage component and the protection of the cartilage surface from friction-induced wear …