The human body needs about 20 essential elements in order to function properly and
among them, for certain, 10 are metal elements, though for every metal we do need, there is …

It has long been recognized that an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can modify
the cell‐signaling proteins and have functional consequences, which successively mediate …

Hypercalcemia occurs in up to 4% of the population in association with malignancy, primary
hyperparathyroidism, ingestion of excessive calcium and/or vitamin D, ectopic production of …

Cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis is maintained through the integrated and coordinated function
of Ca 2+ transport molecules, Ca 2+ buffers and sensors. These molecules are associated …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium signaling is implicated in a myriad of coordinated
cellular processes. The ER calcium content is tightly regulated as it allows a favorable …

Which elements are essential for human life? Here we make an element-by-element journey
through the periodic table and attempt to assess whether elements are essential or not, and …

Intestinal Ca 2+ absorption is a crucial physiological process for maintaining bone
mineralization and Ca 2+ homeostasis. It occurs through the transcellular and paracellular …

Calcium electroporation is a potential novel anti-cancer treatment where high calcium
concentrations are introduced into cells by electroporation, a method where short, high …

Evolution has exploited the chemical properties of Ca 2+, which facilitate its reversible
binding to the sites of irregular geometry offered by biological macromolecules, to select it as …

The distal tubule of the mammalian kidney can be defined as the nephron segment between
the macula densa region and the cortical collecting tubule. It comprises several …