The article focuses on the question as to what makes learning second-language grammar
difficult? If the ability to use language in the restricted sense is quintessentially human, then …

Whether we grow up with one, two, or several languages during our early years of life, many
of us will learn a second, foreign, or heritage language in later years. The field of Second …

This book offers an in-depth explanation of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and the
methods necessary to implement it in the language classroom successfully. Combines a …

A cogent, freshly written synthesis of new and classic work on crosslinguistic influence, or
language transfer, this book is an authoritative account of transfer in second-language …

If first language is rational in the sense that acquisition produces an end-state model of
language that is a proper reflection of input and that optimally prepares speakers for …

This paper argues for a refinement in the traditional approach to transfer in SLA, where
transfer is generally investigated as the unidirectional influence of native (or other language) …

Cognitive Linguistics proposes that First Language Acquisition (L1A) involves the
acquisition from language usage of constructions that map linguistic form and function. In …

Although it is well known that many second language (L2) learners have trouble using
articles “properly,” the primary causes of their difficulties remain unclear. This study …

Second language research has tended to concentrate on differences, as they are
manifested in linguistic variation of numerous kinds, rather than on similarities. To the …

Recent research has come a long way in describing the linguistic features of large samples
of written texts, although a satisfactory description of L2 writing remains problematic. Even …