Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β
cells. Individuals with type 1 diabetes are reliant on insulin for survival. Despite enhanced …

Type 1 diabetes is increasing in incidence in many parts of the world and it might be
imagined that the pathological processes that underlie disease progression are firmly …

Aims/hypothesis Human pancreatic beta cells may be complicit in their own demise in type 1
diabetes, but how this occurs remains unclear. One potentially contributing factor is …

Aims/hypothesis Three hallmarks of the pancreatic islets in early human type 1 diabetes are
overexpression of HLA class I, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and beta cell apoptosis …

Of 37 pancreases removed at necropsy from patients with type 1 diabetes 34 had residual β
cells. In 33 of the 34 the β cells were positive for immunoreactive α-interferon, and this …

We examined pancreas biopsy specimens from 18 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients to elucidate the mechanism underlying beta cell …

This study sought to determine, firstly, the relative frequency of lymphocytes and
macrophages and, secondly, the percentage of lymphocytes containing interferon‐γ in …

Type 1 diabetes studies consistently generate data showing islet β-cell dysfunction and T
cell–mediated anti-β-cell–specific autoimmunity. To explore the pathogenesis, we …

We have used a reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol to
examine the expression of cytokines in the pancreases and islets of patients with type I …

We have produced transgenic mouse strains harboring class II major histocompatibility
complex or interferon-gamma genes linked to the human insulin promoter. These …