There are at least three fundamental states of matter, depending upon temperature and
pressure: gas, liquid, and solid (crystal). These states are separated by first-order phase …

Pressure profoundly alters all states of matter. The symbiotic development of ultrahigh-
pressure diamond anvil cells, to compress samples to sustainable multi-megabar pressures; …

Structurally disordered materials pose fundamental questions,,–, including how different
disordered phases ('polyamorphs') can coexist and transform from one phase to another …

Two or more liquid states may exist even for single-component substances, which is known
as liquid polymorphism, and the transition between them is called liquid–liquid transition …

Carbon is one of the most fascinating elements due to its structurally diverse allotropic forms
stemming from its bonding varieties (sp, sp 2 and sp 3). Exploring new forms of carbon has …

Silicon, being one of the most abundant elements in nature, attracts wide-ranging scientific
and technological interest. Specifically, in its elemental form, crystals of remarkable purity …

Pressure-induced amorphization (PIA) is a phenomenon that involves an abrupt transition
between a crystalline material and an amorphous solid through application of pressure at …

While polymorphism is prevalent in crystalline solids, polyamorphism draws increasing
interest in various types of amorphous solids. Recent studies suggested that supercooling of …

First-principles molecular dynamics simulations reveal a liquid-liquid phase transition in
supercooled elemental silicon. Two phases coexist below T c≈ 1232 K and above pc≈-12 …

Phase transitions in the liquid state can be related to pressure-driven fluctuations developed
in the density (ie, the inverse of the molar volume; ρ= 1/V) or the entropy (S (T)) rather than …