Renal sympathetic (efferent) nerves play an important role in the regulation of renal function,
including glomerular filtration, sodium reabsorption, and renin release. The kidney is also …

Thirst motivates animals to find and consume water. More than 40 years ago, a set of
interconnected brain structures known as the lamina terminalis was shown to govern thirst …

Thermoregulation is one of the most vital functions of the brain, but how temperature
information is converted into homeostatic responses remains unknown. Here, we use an …

Brain endothelial cells are unique among endothelial cells in that they express apical
junctional complexes, including tight junctions, which quite resemble epithelial tight …

Systemic osmoregulation is a vital process whereby changes in plasma osmolality, detected
by osmoreceptors, modulate ingestive behaviour, sympathetic outflow and renal function to …

Thirst is the basic instinct to drink water. Previously, it was shown that neurons in several
circumventricular organs of the hypothalamus are activated by thirst-inducing conditions …

Thirst is important for maintaining body fluid homeostasis and may arise from deficits in
either intracellular or extracellular fluid volume. Neural signals arising from osmotic and …

The sympathetic nervous system plays a pivotal role in the long-term regulation of arterial
blood pressure through the ability of the central nervous system to integrate neurohumoral …

Body fluid conditions are continuously monitored in the brain to regulate thirst and salt-
appetite sensations. Angiotensin II drives both thirst and salt appetite; however, the neural …

Fever is a cardinal symptom of infectious or inflammatory insults, but it can also arise from
noninfectious causes. The fever-inducing agent that has been used most frequently in …