In the last years there has been a considerable advance in the knowledge on the regulation
of astrocytes by sex steroids under physiological and pathological conditions. By the …

Clinical and preclinical research have identified sex differences in substance use and
addiction-related behaviors. Historically, substance use disorders are more prevalent in men …

Physical exercise has an important influence on brain plasticity, which affects the neuron–
glia interaction. Astrocytes are susceptible to plasticity, and induce and stabilize synapses …

Glia comprise a heterogeneous group of cells involved in the structure and function of the
central and peripheral nervous system. Glial cells are found from invertebrates to humans …

Environmental enrichment is known to induce plastic changes in the brain, including
morphological changes in hippocampal neurons, with increases in synaptic and spine …

The cerebral cortex undergoes rapid folding in an “inside-outside” manner during embryonic
development resulting in the establishment of six discrete cortical layers. This unique …

The posterodorsal portion of the medial amygdala (MePD) is sexually dimorphic in several
rodent species. In several other brain nuclei, astrocytes change morphology in response to …

Astrocytes respond to traumatic brain injury (TBI) with changes to their molecular make‐up
and cell biology, which results in changes in astrocyte function. These changes can be …

The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) in rodents integrates olfactory and pheromonal
information, which, coupled with the appropriate hormonal signals, may facilitate or repress …

The posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is a sex steroid-responsive area in the rat
brain. The dendritic spine density of Golgi-impregnated MePD neurons were studied in:(1) …