Cognition can be defined as computation over meaningful representations in the brain to
produce adaptive behaviour. There are two views on the relationship between cognition and …

The breadth and complexity of natural behaviors inspires awe. Understanding how our
perceptions, actions, and internal thoughts arise from evolved circuits in the brain has …

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are essential tools in machine learning that have drawn
increasing attention in neuroscience. Besides offering powerful techniques for data analysis …

People are often aware of their mistakes, and report levels of confidence in their choices that
correlate with objective performance. These metacognitive assessments of decision quality …

Despite their ability to memorize large datasets, deep neural networks often achieve good
generalization performance. However, the differences between the learned solutions of …

There is as yet no consensus concerning the neural basis of perception and how it operates
at a mechanistic level. We found that Ca2+ activity in the apical dendrites of a subset of layer …

Sensory signals are highly structured in both space and time. These structural regularities in
visual information allow expectations to form about future stimulation, thereby facilitating …

Economic choice behavior entails the computation and comparison of subjective values. A
central contribution of neuroeconomics has been to show that subjective values are …

Summary" Degree of certainty" refers to the subjective belief, prior to feedback, that a
decision is correct. A reliable estimate of certainty is essential for prediction, learning from …

Perceptions, thoughts, and actions unfold over millisecond timescales, while learned
behaviors can require many days to mature. While recent experimental advances enable …