The hypocretins (Hcrts) are two alternatively spliced neuropeptides (Hcrt1/Ox-A and
Hcrt2/Ox-B) that are synthesized exclusively in the hypothalamus. Data collected in the 20 …

The level of wakefulness is one of the major factors affecting nociception and pain. Stress-
induced analgesia supports an animal's survival via prompt defensive responses against …

Orexin is a neurotransmitter that mainly regulates sleep/wake cycle. In addition to its sleep
cycle regulatory role, it is involved in regulation of attention, energy homeostasis …

Aims Chronic migraine (CM) is a common neurological disorder with complex pathogenesis.
Evidence suggests that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) induces …

This study aims to explore whether orexin 1 receptors (Orx1R) in the ventrolateral
periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) play a role in the modulation of migraine headaches in …

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orexin-A (OX-A) and the orexin-
1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (SB) on motor and cognitive functions in a rat model of …

Aim To assess the effects of central administration of α‐pinene alone and in combination
with either bicuculline or naloxone, as GABA A and μ‐opioid receptor antagonists …

Oral ulcerative mucositis (OUM) induces severe pain, leading to a low quality of life. Linalool
odor exposure has recently been reported to suppress inflammatory pain in the hind paws …

There is an extensive evidence concerning basolateral amygdala (BLA) function to
hippocampal memory processing. However, few researches have addressed the orexinergic …

The relationship between anxiety and pain has received special attention. Orexins (A and B)
are hypothalamic neuropeptides that have diverse functions in the regulation of different …