Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative, which functions primarily as an antagonist of the N-
methyl-d-aspartate receptor. It has no affinity for gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the …

Ketamine was introduced into clinical practice in the 1960s and continues to be both
clinically useful and scientifically fascinating. With considerably diverse molecular targets …

Methods: This review aims to provide an interdisciplinary overview of recent evidence-based
and clinical knowledge. Results: The scientific evidence for best practice is weak and …

There are two optical isomers of the 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone
ketamine: S (+) ketamine and R (-) ketamine. Effects of this drug are mediated by N-methyl-d …

Background As in other fields of medicine, development of new medications for
management of neuropathic pain has been difficult since preclinical rodent models do not …

Evidence from the last several decades indicates that the excitatory amino acid glutamate
plays a significant role in nociceptive processing. Glutamate and glutamate receptors are …

Introduction Ketamine is a pharmaceutical drug possessing both analgesic and anaesthetic
properties. As an anaesthetic, it induces anaesthesia by producing analgesia with a state of …

Abstract Aims of Study The Bladder Pain Syndrome Committee of the International
Consultation on Incontinence was assigned the task by the consultation of reviewing the …

A 1967–1999 MEDLINE search of published reports evaluating the role of the glutamate N-
methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in pain identified 378 animal studies and 132 human …

This review describes the medical, research and recreational uses of ketamine, an
anaesthetic derivative of phencyclidine that has dissociative, analgesic and psychedelic …