Many studies investigating inquiry learning in science domains have appeared over the
years. Throughout this period, inquiry learning has been regularly criticized by scholars who …

Practical laboratory courses are an essential part of chemistry education. However, they can
be costly and time-consuming. They also require physical presence of the teacher and …

Remote learning has advanced from the theoretical to the practical sciences with the advent
of virtual labs. Although virtual labs allow students to conduct their experiments remotely, it is …

This article describes the ICAP framework that defines cognitive engagement activities on
the basis of students' overt behaviors and proposes that engagement behaviors can be …

ICAP is a theory of active learning that differentiates students' engagement based on their
behaviors. ICAP postulates that Interactive engagement, demonstrated by co‐generative …

The effectiveness of traditional face to face labs versus non-traditional online, remote, or
distance labs is difficult to assess due to the lack of continuity in the literature between …

How do people learn in subject areas, such as reading, writing, mathematics, science, and
history, and how can we help people learn, using instructional methods such as feedback …

Designing and implementing online or digital learning material is a demanding task for
teachers. This is even more the case when this material is used for more engaged forms of …

Objective To investigate if a virtual laboratory simulation (vLAB) could be used to replace a
face to face tutorial (demonstration) to prepare students for a laboratory exercise in …

What is the best approach to educating students is, evidently, the pivotal question in
educational research. In the general debate on this question, clear positions are often …