After several decades, therapeutic cancer vaccines now show signs of efficacy and potential
to help patients resistant to other standard-of-care immunotherapies, but they have yet to …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are an emerging class of cancer therapeutics that offer the benefits
of selective replication in tumour cells, delivery of multiple eukaryotic transgene payloads …

Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy
(ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was …

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Immunotherapy holds the potential to induce durable responses, but only a minority of
patients currently respond. The etiologies of primary and secondary resistance to …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they
are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potentially useful platforms in treatment methods for
patients with tumors. They preferentially target and kill tumor cells, leaving healthy cells …

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic
strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects …

New therapies that promote antitumour immunity have been recently developed. Most of
these immunomodulatory approaches have focused on enhancing T-cell responses, either …

Several tumour types are responsive to immunotherapy, as shown by regulatory approvals
for immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, many patients either do not respond or do not …