Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder rising rapidly worldwide.
It is characterized by pancreatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Hyperglycemia …

Oxidative stress, a cytopathic outcome of excessive generation of ROS and the repression of
antioxidant defense system for ROS elimination, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple …

Mitochondria are traditionally known as the powerhouse of the cell, but their functions
extend far beyond energy production. They are vital in cellular and organismal pathways …

Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives
one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense …

Nutriments have been deemed to impact all physiopathologic processes. Recent evidences
in molecular medicine and clinical trials have demonstrated that adequate nutrition …

Background: Exercise is an effective nonpharmacological strategy to alleviate diabetic
cardiomyopathy (DCM) through poorly defined mechanisms. FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor …

Maintaining metabolic homeostasis is essential for cellular and organismal health
throughout life. Multiple signaling pathways that regulate metabolism also play critical roles …

Mitochondria are not only the main energy supplier but are also the cell metabolic center
regulating multiple key metaborates that play pivotal roles in epigenetics regulation. These …

Sirtuin is an essential factor that delays cellular senescence and extends the organismal
lifespan through the regulation of diverse cellular processes. Suppression of cellular …

In heart failure, alterations of Na+ and Ca2+ handling, energetic deficit, and oxidative stress
in cardiac myocytes are important pathophysiological hallmarks. Mitochondria are central to …