A well-functioning democracy requires a degree of mutual respect and a willingness to talk
across political divides. Yet numerous studies have shown that many electorates are …

This is an introductory article for a special issue on affective polarisation in Spain. After
discussing the concept and its operationalisation in multi-party settings, we offer data on …

One overlooked aspect of the rising levels of affective polarization is its effect on general
social trust. In the present article, we analyze the relationship between affective polarization …

Can secessionism be a basis for affective or social polarization? Despite much research on
independence movements, their relationship to polarization, a key mechanism theorized as …

In 2019 alone, Spanish citizens went to the polls at least four times–two general elections,
European elections, local elections and, for some, regional elections. Moreover, in the 2016 …

This article explores party strategies in electoral competition in Catalonia in order to test the
existence of ethnic outbidding (;). We contribute with original findings on this case by …

Previous studies have reported that political competition increases partisan affective
polarisation. We test this hypothesis using the four waves of a survey on affective …

Can territorial disputes within countries be a basis for affective polarization? If so, how does
it vary across territories? A burgeoning literature on affective polarization has largely …

Does secessionism lead to social polarization? Despite much research on independence
movements, their relationship to polarization, a key mechanism theorized as increasing the …

What is the value of using referendums as part of independence movements? By
considering recent prominent secession movements, this article theorizes that referendums …