Cationic host defence peptides (CHDP), also known as antimicrobial peptides, are naturally
occurring peptides that can combat infections through their direct microbicidal properties …

The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical,
chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has now spread globally. Some …

More than a decade has passed since the conceptualization of the “alarmin” hypothesis. The
alarmin family has been expanding in terms of both number and the concept. It has recently …

Receptors of the innate immune system detect conserved determinants of microbial and viral
origin. Activation of these receptors initiates signaling events that culminate in an effective …

Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is
responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger”(pathogen associated …

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
They are highly conserved receptors that recognize conserved pathogen-associated …

Background Multicellular organisms have evolved systems/mechanisms to detect various
forms of danger, including attack by microbial pathogens and a variety of pests, as well as …

Within the human female reproductive tract (FRT), the challenge of protection against
sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is coupled with the need to enable successful …

Although first studied for their antimicrobial activity, host defense peptides (HDPs) are now
widely recognized for their multifunctional roles in both the innate and adaptive immune …