Human-associated microbial communities have adapted to environmental pressures. Doses
of antibiotics select for a community with increased antibiotic resistance, inflammation is …

It has been recognized that during chronic inflammatory systemic diseases (CIDs)
maladaptations of the immune, nervous, endocrine and reproductive system occur …

Epidemiological data suggest that early life exposures are key determinants of immune-
mediated disease later in life. Young children are also particularly susceptible to infections …

Humans differ in the outcome that follows exposure to life-threatening pathogens, yet the
extent of population differences in immune responses and their genetic and evolutionary …

Individuals from different populations vary considerably in their susceptibility to immune-
related diseases. To understand how genetic variation and natural selection contribute to …

Humans display remarkable interindividual variation in their immune response to identical
challenges. Yet, our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to such …

Inherited IL-12Rβ1 and TYK2 deficiencies impair both IL-12–and IL-23–dependent IFN-γ
immunity and are rare monogenic causes of tuberculosis, each found in less than 1/600,000 …

As the first line of defence against pathogens, cells mount an innate immune response,
which varies widely from cell to cell. The response must be potent but carefully controlled to …

As the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) continues
to surge worldwide, our knowledge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is rapidly …

Pathogen-imposed selection pressures have been paramount during human evolution.
Detecting such selection signatures in ancient and modern human genomes can thus help …