In this review we compile and discuss the published plethora of cell biological effects which
are ascribed to electric fields (EF), magnetic fields (MF) and electromagnetic fields (EMF). In …

Introduction Biophysical stimulation is a non-invasive therapy used in orthopaedic practice
to increase and enhance reparative and anabolic activities of tissue. Methods A sistematic …

Bone graft material is often required for the treatment of osseous defects. However, due to
limitations and risks associated with autologous as well as allogenic bone grafting …

Non-invasive characterization of fracture callus structure and composition may facilitate
development of surrogate measures of the regain of mechanical function. As such …

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a promising candidate cell type for
regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications by virtue of their capacity for self …

Bone fractures are one of the most commonly occurring injuries of the musculoskeletal
system. A highly complex physiological process, fracture healing has been studied …

The potential for using non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF; at frequencies from 0 Hz
up to the THz range) for medical purposes has been of interest since many decades. A …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express an osteoblastic phenotype when treated with BMP‐
2, and BMP‐2 is used clinically to induce bone formation although high doses are required …

Biological and Medical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields examines potential health
hazards, exposure standards, and medical applications of electromagnetic (EM) fields. The …

The US FDA has approved pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) as a safe and effective
treatment for nonunions of bone. Despite its clinical use, the mechanisms of action of …