Many metals (aluminum, cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel, lead, zinc) are widely studied
environmental contaminants because of their ubiquity, potential toxicity to aquatic life, and …

The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a mechanistic approach that greatly improves our ability to
generate site-specific ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for metals in the natural …

EPA recognized that metals present unique risk assessment issues, and saw the need to
develop a framework document that puts forth key scientific principles for metals risk …

Many factors influence metal speciation in freshwaters. Metal species that are more soluble
are considered more bioavailable and toxic. However, evaluation of metal speciation in …

Total concentrations of metals in soil are poor predictors of toxicity. In the last decade,
considerable effort has been made to demonstrate how metal toxicity is affected by the …

Homeostasis and Toxicology of Essential Metals synthesizes the explosion of new
information on the molecular, cellular, and organismal handling of metals in fish in the past …

Environmental Context. The chemical speciation of trace metals greatly influences their
biological effects. Nonetheless, no clear consensus currently exists as to when metal …

Since the early 2000s, biotic ligand models and related constructs have been a dominant
paradigm for risk assessment of aqueous metals in the environment. We critically review 1) …

The advent of increasingly stringent and wider ranging European Union legislation relating
to water and the environment has required regulators to assess compliance risk and to …

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) of inorganic metals and metalloids (metals) must be
specific to these substances and cannot be generic because most metals are naturally …