The larval stages of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius)(Lepidoptera:
Noctuidae), are parasitized by the endophagous parasitoid wasp, Toxoneuron nigriceps …

Bodyguard manipulation is a behavioural manipulation in which the host's behaviour is
altered to protect the inducer's offspring from imminent biotic threats. The behaviour of a post …

To avoid inducing immune and physiological responses in insect hosts, parasitoid wasps
have developed several mechanisms to inhibit them during parasitism, including the …

Endoparasitoid wasps introduce venom into their host insects during the egg‐laying stage.
Venom proteins play various roles in the host physiology, development, immunity, and …

Many endoparasitoids adopt several parasitic factors, such as venom, polydnavirus and
teratocytes, to suppress the immune response of their associated hosts including …

Parasitoid wasps have evolved sophisticated mechanisms of host regulation that establish a
favorable environment for the development of immature parasitoids. While maternal venom …

Simple Summary The endoparasitoid of the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens,
Toxoneuron nigriceps, has several strategies to survive, including venom and calyx fluid …

Polydnavirus (PDV) is a parasitic factor of endoparasitic wasps and contributes greatly to
overcoming the immune response of parasitized hosts. Protein tyrosine phosphatases …

The prothoracic gland (PG) is the source of ecdysteoids in larval insects. Although numerous
studies have been conducted on signaling networks involved in prothoracicotropic hormone …

In holometabolous insects, such as Drosophila and Bombyx, prothoracicotropic hormone
(PTTH) is well established to be critical in controlling developmental transitions and …