Cell death has a central role in innate immune responses in both plants and animals.
Besides sharing striking convergences and similarities in the overall evolutionary …

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) monitor the plant intracellular
environment for signs of pathogen infection. Several mechanisms of NLR-mediated …

Plant Disease/January 2012 5 potato growing areas outside Mexico, suggesting that sexual
reproduction did not play a significant role in the disease cycle. Researchers have observed …

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the world's third-largest food crop. It severely suffers from
late blight, a devastating disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. This oomycete …

Fungal and oomycete plant pathogens translocate effector proteins into host cells to
establish infection. However, virulence targets and modes of action of their effectors are …

The Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans is predicted to secrete hundreds of
effector proteins. To address the challenge of assigning biological functions to …

Pathogens use specialized secretion systems and targeting signals to translocate effector
proteins inside host cells, a process that is essential for promoting disease and parasitism …

Plant pathogenic oomycetes secrete a diverse repertoire of effector proteins that modulate
host innate immunity and enable parasitic infection. Understanding how effectors evolve …

Phytopathogens deliver effector proteins inside host plant cells to promote infection. These
proteins can also be sensed by the plant immune system, leading to restriction of pathogen …

Background The filamentous oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes late
blight, an economically important disease, on members of the nightshade family …