Asthma is a complex disease that often starts in childhood. Genomic and environmental
factors as well as aberrant immune maturation early in life can contribute to the onset of …

More than a quarter of the world's population is at risk of infection with the soil-transmitted
helminths Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator …

Assesses a promising new approach to restoring the health of our bodies and our planet
Most of us are familiar with probiotics added to milk or yogurt to improve gastrointestinal …

Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-
13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. Type 2 immunity …

Humans consider themselves discrete autonomous organisms, but recent research is
rapidly strengthening the appreciation that associated microorganisms make essential …

Hookworms are soil-transmitted nematode parasites that can reside for many years in the
small intestine of their human hosts; Necator americanus is the predominant infecting …

The vertebrate gut teems with a large, diverse, and dynamic bacterial community that has
pervasive effects on gut physiology, metabolism, and immunity. Under natural conditions …

Parasitic helminths have coevolved with humans over millennia, intricately refining and
developing an array of mechanisms to suppress or skew the host's immune system, thereby …

Chronic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity contributes to insulin resistance
and type 2 diabetes. Helminth parasites are the strongest natural inducers of type 2 immune …

Helminth parasites infect an alarmingly large proportion of the world's population, primarily
within tropical regions, and their ability to down‐modulate host immunity is key to their …