The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle
processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in …

Severe space weather was identified as a risk to the UK in 2010 as part of a wider review of
natural hazards triggered by the societal disruption caused by the eruption of the …

Microbursts are impulsive (< 1s) injections of very energetic to relativistic electrons (energies
from a few keV to MeV) into Earth's atmosphere. They are important because they may …

As society becomes more reliant on satellite technology, it is becoming increasingly
important to understand the radiation environment throughout the Van Allen radiation belts …

The flux of relativistic electrons in the terrestrial Van Allen radiation belt can vary by orders of
magnitude during a geomagnetic storm. The response is typically assumed to be controlled …

Since the advent of the Space Age, the importance of understanding and forecasting
relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts has been steadily growing due to the …

Satellite charging is one of the most important risks for satellites on orbit. Satellite charging
can lead to an electrostatic discharge resulting in component damage, phantom commands …

The magnetopause marks the outer edge of the Earth's magnetosphere and a distinct
boundary between solar wind and magnetospheric plasma populations. In this study, we …

Electron loss to the atmosphere plays a critical role in driving the dynamics of the Earth's
Van Allen radiation belts and slot region. This chapter is a review of atmospheric loss of …

The Sun provides the energy required to sustain life on Earth and drive our planet's
atmospheric circulation. However, establishing a solid physical connection between solar …