Logs are semi-structured text generated by logging statements in software source code. In
recent decades, software logs have become imperative in the reliability assurance …

Nowadays, reliability assurance is crucial in components of IT infrastructures. Unavailability
of any element or connection results in downtime and triggers monetary and performance …

Logs, being run-time information automatically generated by software, record system events
and activities with their timestamps. Before obtaining more insights into the run-time status of …

Logs are one of the most valuable data to describe the running state of services. Failure
diagnosis through logs is crucial for service reliability and security. The current automatic log …

Code review is an essential practice in software engineering to spot code defects in the
early stages of software development. Modern code reviews (eg, acceptance or rejection of …

Modern cloud systems are orchestrations of independent and interacting (sub-) systems,
each specializing in important services (eg, data processing, storage, resource …

Cloud computing systems fail in complex and unexpected ways due to unexpected
combinations of events and interactions between hardware and software components. Fault …

In cloud systems, incidents are potential threats to customer satisfaction and business
revenue. When customers are affected by incidents, they often request customer support …

Cloud incidents (service interruptions or performance degradation) dramatically degrade the
reliability of large-scale cloud systems, causing customer dissatisfaction and revenue loss …

Context: Incident management plays a significant role in online service systems. Incidents
should be mitigated as soon as possible in order to achieve high service stability. However …