The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by
antioxidants. Oxidative stress is understood as a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant …

Heavy metals is a collective term describing metals and metalloids with a density higher
than 5 g/cm3. Some of them are essential micronutrients; others do not play a positive role in …

Melatonin is uncommonly effective in reducing oxidative stress under a remarkably large
number of circumstances. It achieves this action via a variety of means: direct detoxification …

Over the last decade, a dual character of cell response to oxidative stress, eustress versus
distress, has become increasingly recognized. A growing body of evidence indicates that …

A radical is any molecule that contains one or more unpaired electrons. Radicals are normal
products of many metabolic pathways. Some exist in a controlled (caged) form as they …

Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic
population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are …

Mitochondria serve numerous critical cellular functions, rapidly responding to extracellular
stimuli and cellular demands while dynamically communicating with other organelles …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and serious problem that adversely affects
human health, limits longevity and increases costs to health‐care systems worldwide. Its …

Given their essential function in aerobic metabolism, mitochondria are intuitively of interest
in regard to the pathophysiology of diabetes. Qualitative, quantitative, and functional …

Despite the availability of various antidiabetic drugs, diabetes mellitus (DM) remains one of
the world's most prevalent chronic diseases and is a global burden. Hyperglycaemia, a …