1. Specific recommendations for prevention strategies often depend on the ischemic
stroke/transient ischemic attack subtype. Therefore, new in this guideline is a section …

The Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH) revised the Guidelines for the Management of
Hypertension 2014 (JSH 2014), and published the JSH 2019. In the development of the JSH …

Hypertension, the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease, originates from combined
genetic, environmental, and social determinants. Environmental factors include …

As early as the 1920s, and subsequently in the 1959 Build and Blood Pressure Study (S1. 5-
1) of almost 5 million adults insured between 1934 and 1954, a strong direct relationship …

Background Cadmium exposure has been associated with increased diabetes risk in
several studies, though there is still considerable debate about the magnitude and shape of …

Potassium disorders are common in patients with kidney disease, particularly in patients
with tubular disorders and low glomerular filtration rate. A multidisciplinary group of …

Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of
Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke …

Background Epidemiologic studies, including trials, suggest an association between
potassium intake and blood pressure (BP). However, the strength and shape of this …

Background Despite increasing incidence of CKD, no evidence-based lifestyle
recommendations for CKD primary prevention apparently exist. Methods To evaluate the …

Multiple studies have shown an association between environmental exposure to hazardous
chemicals including toxic metals and obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. At the …