Cholinergic efferent neurons originating in the brainstem innervate the acoustico-lateralis
organs (inner ear, lateral line) of vertebrates. These release acetylcholine (ACh) to inhibit …

The afferent innervation of the cochlea is comprised of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs),
which are characterized into four subtypes (Type 1A, B, and C and Type 2). However, little is …

Brainstem olivocochlear neurons (OCNs) modulate the earliest stages of auditory
processing through feedback projections to the cochlea and have been shown to influence …

Accurate encoding of acoustic stimuli requires temporally precise responses to sound
integrated with cellular mechanisms that encode the complexity of stimuli over varying …

This descriptive study aimed to examine entrepreneurship's and intrapreneurship's roles in
translating innovation intention into performance by examining Australian businesses. The …

Calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a lateral olivocochlear (LOC) efferent
neurotransmitter. Depression of sound-driven auditory brainstem response amplitude in …

Outer hair cells (OHCs) are innervated by both medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents and
type II afferents, which also innervate supporting cells to form a local neural network. It has …

The C-tactile (CLTM) peripheral nervous system is involved in social bonding in primates
and humans through its capacity to trigger the brain's endorphin system. Since the …

Music is widely recognised as a human universal, yet there is no agreed explanation for its
function, or why and when it evolved. I summarise experimental evidence that the primary …

Serotonin (5-HT) plays a crucial role in modulating the afferent fiber discharge rate in the
inferior colliculus, auditory cortex, and other nuclei of the ascending auditory system …