With the aging of global population, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) has surged in recent decades. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that follows a …

The function of the immune system declines during aging, compromising its response
against pathogens, a phenomenon termed as “immunosenescence.” Alterations of the …

Aging is a complex process characterized by an ongoing decline in physiological functions,
leading to degenerative diseases and an increased probability of death. Cellular …

Life expectancy and age-related diseases burden increased significantly over the past few
decades. Age-related conditions are commonly discussed in a very limited paradigm of …

Introduction Aging causes several changes in the immune system, although immune aging
is strongly influenced by individual immunological history, as well as genetic and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed particles secreted by cells and
circulating in body fluids. Initially considered as a tool to dispose of unnecessary material …

Immune system is a versatile and dynamic body organ which offers survival and endurance
of human beings in their hostile living environment. However, similar to other cells, immune …

In both acute and chronic diseases, functional differences in host immune responses arise
from a multitude of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Two of the most important factors affecting …

Aging is associated with a low-grade, systemic inflammatory state defined as
“inflammaging”, ruled by the loss of proper regulation of the immune system leading to the …

A wealth of pre-clinical reports and data derived from human subjects and brain autopsies
suggest that microbial infections are relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This has inspired …