Plants have evolved an array of defenses against pathogens. However, mounting a defense
response frequently comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and reproduction, carrying …

In plant innate immunity, individual cells have the capacity to sense and respond to
pathogen attack. Intracellular recognition mechanisms have evolved to intercept …

INTRODUCTION Discrimination of self from nonself is pivotal for cellular organisms, as it
allows the perception of pathogenic invaders that might otherwise multiply unchecked and …

Plants utilise intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors to
detect pathogen effectors and activate local and systemic defence. NRG1 and ADR1 …

Defense against pathogens in multicellular eukaryotes depends on intracellular immune
receptors, yet surveillance by these receptors is poorly understood. Several plant nucleotide …

Most land plant genomes carry genes that encode RPW 8‐NLR Resistance (R) proteins.
Angiosperms carry two RPW 8‐NLR subclasses: ADR 1 and NRG 1. ADR 1s act as …

To counter pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a large number of immune receptors,
including membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular …

Microbial pathogens infect host cells by delivering virulence factors (effectors) that interfere
with defenses. In plants, intracellular nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat receptors …

Plant nucleotide binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors are activated by
pathogen effectors to trigger host defenses and cell death. Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain …

Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III
secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III …