Tripartite efflux pumps and the related type 1 secretion systems (T1SSs) in Gram-negative
organisms are diverse in function, energization, and structural organization. They form …

Efflux pumps are widely implicated in antibiotic resistance because they can extrude the
majority of clinically relevant antibiotics from within cells to the extracellular environment …

The capacity of numerous bacterial species to tolerate antibiotics and other toxic compounds
arises in part from the activity of energy-dependent transporters. In Gram-negative bacteria …

Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for a large proportion of antimicrobial-resistant
infections in humans and animals. Among this class of bacteria are also some of the most …

Antibiotics, once considered the lifeline for treating bacterial infections, are under threat due
to the emergence of threatening antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These drug-resistant …

Drug efflux protein complexes confer multidrug resistance on bacteria by transporting a wide
spectrum of structurally diverse antibiotics. Moreover, organisms can only acquire resistance …

Bacterial infections are an increasingly serious issue worldwide. The inability of existing
therapies to treat multidrug‐resistant pathogens has been recognized as an important …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to
intrinsic antibiotic resistance and the propensity of this pathogen to accumulate diverse …

The tripartite multidrug efflux system MexAB-OprM is a major actor in Pseudomonas
aeruginosa antibiotic resistance by exporting a large variety of antimicrobial compounds …

Abstract In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MexAB–OprM plays a central role in multidrug
resistance by ejecting various drug compounds, which is one of the causes of serious …