Unprecedented advances have been made in cancer treatment with the use of immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, responses are limited to a subset of patients, and …

The MYC proto-oncogenes encode a family of transcription factors that are among the most
commonly activated oncoproteins in human neoplasias. Indeed, MYC aberrations or …

The balance of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-expressing CD8+ T cells and regulatory T
(Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) determines the clinical efficacy of PD-1 …

Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has greatly improved
the clinical efficacy of malignant tumor therapy. ICI-mediated antitumor responses depend …

Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications are hallmarks of cancer cells. In
cancer cells, metabolic pathway activity varies during tumorigenesis and cancer …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation
of dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract. The absorption of SCFAs is mediated by substrate …

The ever-increasing understanding of the complexity of factors and regulatory layers that
contribute to immune evasion facilitates the development of immunotherapies. However, the …

Curative cancer therapy remains a major challenge particularly in cancers displaying
multidrug resistance (MDR). The MDR phenotype is characterized by cross-resistance to a …

Genetic mutations and abnormal gene regulation are key mechanisms underlying
tumorigenesis. Nucleosomes, which consist of DNA wrapped around histone cores …

Chromatin is a macromolecular complex predominantly comprising DNA, histone proteins
and RNA. The methylation of chromatin components is highly conserved as it helps …