Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular
bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be …

The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves a complex interplay of cell
types and signaling pathways. Recurrent alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury may occur in …

Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and
anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural components. The emerging field of …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease of unknown cause
characterized by relentless scarring of the lung parenchyma leading to reduced quality of life …

Despite its position as the first-line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the
mechanisms underlying the plasma glucose level-lowering effects of metformin (1, 1 …

Organ fibrosis is a lethal outcome of autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as systemic
sclerosis. Myofibroblasts are scar-forming cells that are ultimately responsible for the …

Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which can lead to organ
dysfunction, morbidity, and death. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and …

Cellular senescence is now considered an important driving mechanism for chronic lung
diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by
excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and terminal lung disease with no known
cure. IPF is a disease of aging, with median age of diagnosis over 65 years. Median survival …