Bladder cancer is an important public health concern owing to its prevalence, high
recurrence risk and treatment failures. Maintaining the equilibrium between prompt and …

Immunosurveillance, which describes the immunologically mediated elimination of
transformed cells, has been widely accepted in the context of bladder cancer for many …

Innate and adaptive immune system cells play a major role in regulating the growth of
cancer. Although it is commonly thought that an immune response localized to the tumor will …

Abstract Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most successful immunotherapy for
high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, approximately 30% of patients are …

Introduction The presence of a microbiome in the urinary system has been established
through recent advancements in technology and investigation of microbial communities in …

The pathogenesis and transition of normal urothelium into bladder carcinoma are
multifactorial processes. Chronic inflammation causes initiation and progression of the …

Abstract The Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette–Guerin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS)
could be used to replace live BCG as a bladder cancer drug. However, because BCG-CWS …

We used gene expression profiling to identify inflammatory cytokines that correlate with
bladder cancer development. Gene expression profiles of the tissue samples were …

Disparities in breast cancer biology are evident between American women of African
ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EA) and may be due, in part, to differences in immune …

Abstract Radiation and bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) instillations are used clinically for
treatment of urothelial carcinoma, but the precise mechanisms by which they activate an …