Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disorder, is
caused by a dysregulated and aberrant immune response to exposed environmental factors …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a key regulator of various cancer
biologies, including cancer cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, proliferation, as well as …

Understanding the mechanisms that modulate helper T lymphocyte functions is crucial to
decipher normal and pathogenic immune responses in humans. To identify molecular …

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related disease that may cause maternal, neonatal and fetal
morbidity and mortality and exists in 3–5% of pregnancies worldwide. The discovery of …

MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators in T cell development, activation, and
differentiation, with miR-181a having a prominent function. By targeting several signaling …

Two-trial learning in Aplysia reveals nonlinear interactions between training trials: A single
trial has no effect, but two precisely spaced trials induce long-term memory. Extracellularly …

Background Clinical studies suggest that heightened peripheral inflammation contributes to
the pathogenesis of stress-related disorders, including major depressive disorder. However …

Background The HIV-1 infection is characterized by profound CD4+ T cell destruction and a
marked Th17 dysfunction at the mucosal level. Viral suppressive antiretroviral therapy …

MicroRNAs play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response, and are critically
involved in the development of inflammatory disorders, including those affecting the lungs …

CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) with CD28 and CD3ζ signaling domains
have been approved by the US FDA for treating B cell malignancies. Mutation of …