The increasing utilization and emission of sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6) pose severe threats to
the climate and the environment, owing to its potent greenhouse gas properties. In this …

Since the initial development of charged particle colliders in the middle of the 20th century,
these advanced scientific instruments have been at the forefront of scientific discoveries in …

The possibility to accelerate electron beams to ultra-relativistic velocities over short
distances by using plasma-based technology holds the potential for a revolution in the field …

High-energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of
fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. To increase the energy of …

Abstract Particle-in-cell (PIC) methods have a long history in the study of laser-plasma
interactions. Early electromagnetic codes used the Yee staggered grid for field variables …

Plasma-based accelerators use the strong electromagnetic fields that can be supported by
plasmas to accelerate charged particles to high energies. Accelerating field structures in …

High-efficiency acceleration of charged particle beams at high gradients of energy gain per
unit length is necessary to achieve an affordable and compact high-energy collider. The …

The interaction of intense particle bunches with plasma can give rise to plasma wakes,
capable of sustaining gigavolt-per-metre electric fields,, which are orders of magnitude …

The extraordinary ability of space-charge waves in plasmas to accelerate charged particles
at gradients that are orders of magnitude greater than in current accelerators has been well …

The energy frontier of particle physics is several trillion electron volts, but colliders capable
of reaching this regime (such as the Large Hadron Collider and the International Linear …