Simple Summary Among abiotic stress factors, drought is one of the most detrimental factors
in arid and semiarid regions, causing a significant decrease in plant growth and yield in …

Globally, agriculture is under a lot of pressure due to rising population and corresponding
increases in food demand. However, several variables, including improper mechanization …

Plants are affected by various environmental stresses such as high or low temperatures,
drought, and high salt levels, which can disrupt their normal cellular functioning and impact …

The current world of climate change, global warming and a constantly changing
environment have made life very stressful for living entities, which has driven the evolution of …

Salinity affects plant growth and is a major abiotic stress that limits crop productivity. It is well-
understood that environmental adaptations and genetic traits regulate salinity tolerance in …

In extreme environments, the relationships between species are often exclusive and based
on complex mechanisms. This review aims to give an overview of the microbial ecology of …

Soil salinity is a worldwide concern that decreases plant growth performance in agricultural
fields and contributes to food scarcity. Salt stressors have adverse impacts on the plant's …

Soil deterioration has led to problems with the nutrition of the world's population. As one of
the most serious stressors, soil salinization has a negative effect on the quantity and quality …

The use of plant growth promoting bacteria may prove useful in developing strategies to
facilitate plant growth under normal as well as diverse abiotic stress conditions. The …

The development of symbioses between soil fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), and most
terrestrial plants can be very beneficial to both partners and hence to the ecosystem. Among …