Probation is the most commonly imposed correctional sanction, is often accompanied by
supplementary costs, and can be operated by the state or private companies. Private …

Many public service organizations engage in commercialization, or market‐oriented
strategies designed to generate non‐public revenue for the organization. Managers and …

Monetary sanctions can expand the scope and depth of punishment. Most research on
monetary sanctions has centered on fines and fees assessed by the court, but they are also …

Although the media gives considerable attention to prison privatization, there have been few
assessments of how newspapers portray the debate about it and how that portrayal aligns …

Research on privatized corrections focuses primarily on for-profit prisons and tends to
conceptualize correctional services as being strictly “private” or “public.” The current study …

The theoretical logic underlying correctional privatization is that private organizations
provide comparable or better services more cost-efficiently than governments. This logic and …

Jail leasing is the practice by which states enter into contractual agreements with local
governments to house individuals under the state's jurisdiction in local jails. This dissertation …

The courts and probation agencies regularly evaluate legal financial obligations (LFOs).
However, limited information is available about how people who are under probation …

This chapter addresses questions about commodification in the sphere of security and
prisons. It surveys potential forms of commodification and considers arguments that aim to …

What factors determine differential levels of punishment across communities? This question
has been addressed by sociologists, policy scholars, and other social scientists for decades …