Multiple sclerosis is a neurologic disease caused by immune cell infiltration into the central
nervous system, resulting in gray and white matter inflammation, progressive demyelination …

Chemokines–chemotactic cytokines–are small secreted proteins that attract and activate
immune and non-immune cells in vitro and in vivo. It has been suggested that chemokines …

Although chemokines are sufficient for chemotaxis of various cells, increasing evidence
exists for their fine-tuning by selective proteolytic processing. Using a model of immune cell …

The accumulation of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the hypoxic tumour
microenvironment (TME) is associated with malignant progression in cancer. However, the …

The role of chemokines and their receptors in controlling several physiological and
pathological processes has only become evident in the last couple of years. From a sole …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic structure that maintains the homeostasis of the
brain and thus proper neurological functions. BBB compromise has been found in many …

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other conditions affecting integrity of the blood–brain
barrier, microglia can originate in the bone marrow, migrate into the blood and enter the …

Background Exposure to the nerve agent soman (GD) causes neuronal cell death and
impaired behavioral function dependent on the induction of status epilepticus (SE). Little is …

The first dimension of chemokine heterogeneity is reflected by their discovery and
purification as natural proteins. Each of those chemokines attracted a specific inflammatory …

Astroglia are key cellular sites where opiate drug signals converge with the proinflammatory
effects of HIV-1 Tat signals to exacerbate HIV encephalitis. Despite this understanding, the …