Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

Large amounts of antibiotics used for human therapy, as well as for farm animals and even
for fish in aquaculture, resulted in the selection of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple …

Drug efflux pumps play a key role in drug resistance and also serve other functions in
bacteria. There has been a growing list of multidrug and drug-specific efflux pumps …

SUMMARY ATP-binding cassette (ABC) systems are universally distributed among living
organisms and function in many different aspects of bacterial physiology. ABC transporters …

Drug efflux protein complexes confer multidrug resistance on bacteria by transporting a wide
spectrum of structurally diverse antibiotics. Moreover, organisms can only acquire resistance …

In this review we give an overview of the physiological functions of a group of ATP binding
cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, which were discovered, and still referred to, as …

ABC transporters mediate active translocation of a diverse range of molecules across all cell
membranes. They comprise two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and two …

Cohesin is a chromosome-associated multisubunit protein complex that is highly conserved
in eukaryotes and has close homologs in bacteria. Cohesin mediates cohesion between …

Membrane proteins responsible for the active efflux of structurally and functionally unrelated
drugs were first characterized in higher eukaryotes. To date, a vast number of transporters …

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters shuttle a wide variety of molecules across cell
membranes by alternating between inward-and outward-facing conformations, harnessing …