Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia that is
characterized by loss of muscle atonia during REM sleep (known as REM sleep without …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a 200 year-long research
history. Our understanding about its clinical phenotype and pathogenesis remains limited …

Parkinson's disease has a long prodromal stage with various subclinical motor and non-
motor manifestations; however, their evolution in the years before Parkinson's disease is …

The state of the intestinal environment can have profound effects on the activity of the central
nervous system through the physiological contributions of the microbiota, regulation of …

The most definitive classification systems for dementia are based on the underlying
pathology which, in turn, is categorized largely according to the observed accumulation of …

Our understanding of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal system in patients with Parkinson's
disease has increased substantially in the past decade. The entire gastrointestinal tract is …

Background Parkinson's disease has an insidious onset and is diagnosed when typical
motor features occur. Several motor and non-motor features can occur before diagnosis …

Efforts to develop neuroprotective therapy for Parkinson disease (PD) are focusing on the
early stages of disease, which offer the best opportunity to intervene. Early PD can be …

Objective It has been hypothesized that Lewy pathology initiates in the enteric nervous
system years prior to debut of clinical motor symptoms in Parkinson disease patients. This …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder and a major
cause of disability worldwide. This neurological condition is commonly associated with …