Antibiotics in childhood have been linked with diseases including asthma, juvenile arthritis,
type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease and mental illness. The underlying mechanisms are …

Background Antibiotics are amongst the most commonly used drugs in children. In addition
to inducing antibiotic resistance, antibiotic exposure has been associated with adverse long …

Most of the Human diseases affecting westernized countries are associated with dysbiosis
and loss of microbial diversity in the gut microbiota. The Western way of life, with a wide use …

Importance Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common occurrence in childhood;
consequently, evidence-based recommendations for its treatment are required. Objective To …

Chronic inflammatory arthritis in childhood is heterogeneous in presentation and course.
Most forms exhibit clinical and genetic similarity to arthritis of adult onset, although at least …

Autoimmune diseases have long been known to share a common pathogenesis involving a
dysregulated immune system with a failure to recognize self from non-self-antigens. This …

Background & Aims Childhood obesity is increasing and is associated with adult obesity.
Antibiotics have been used to promote weight gain in livestock for several decades …

Epidemiological studies revealed that antibiotics exposure increases a risk of inflammatory
bowel diseases (IBD) development. It remained largely unknown how antibiotic-induced …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease where a loss of
tolerance to nuclear antigens leads to inflammation in multiple organ systems. The cause of …

The inappropriate use of antibiotics can increase the likelihood of antibiotic resistance and
adverse events. In the United States, nearly a third of antibiotic prescriptions in outpatient …