β-Hydroxybutyrate in the brain: one molecule, multiple mechanisms

LB Achanta, CD Rae - Neurochemical research, 2017 - Springer
Abstract β-Hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), a ketone body, is oxidised as a brain fuel. Although its
contribution to energy metabolism in the healthy brain is minimal, it is an interesting …

Hypothalamic glucose sensing: making ends meet

VH Routh, L Hao, AM Santiago, Z Sheng… - Frontiers in systems …, 2014 - frontiersin.org
The neuroendocrine system governs essential survival and homeostatic functions. For
example, growth is needed for development, thermoregulation maintains optimal core …

Small extracellular vesicle-mediated targeting of hypothalamic AMPKα1 corrects obesity through BAT activation

E Milbank, NRV Dragano, I González-García… - Nature …, 2021 - nature.com
Current pharmacological therapies for treating obesity are of limited efficacy. Genetic
ablation or loss of function of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPKα1) in …

Protective effects of sulforaphane on type 2 diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy via AMPK-mediated activation of lipid metabolic pathways and NRF2 function

Y Sun, S Zhou, H Guo, J Zhang, T Ma, Y Zheng… - Metabolism, 2020 - Elsevier
Background AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), particularly AMPKα2 isoform, plays a
critical role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis. It was reported that sulforaphane (SFN) …

Consequences of recurrent hypoglycaemia on brain function in diabetes

RJ McCrimmon - Diabetologia, 2021 - Springer
The discovery of insulin and its subsequent mass manufacture transformed the lives of
people with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Insulin, however, was a drug with a 'dark side'. It brought …

Ventromedial hypothalamus glucose‐inhibited neurones: A role in glucose and energy homeostasis?

PR Hirschberg, P Sarkar, SB Teegala… - Journal of …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) plays a complex role in glucose and energy
homeostasis. The VMH is necessary for the counter‐regulatory response to hypoglycaemia …

Glucose-sensing in the reward system

LL Koekkoek, JD Mul, SE La Fleur - Frontiers in neuroscience, 2017 - frontiersin.org
Glucose-sensing neurons are neurons that alter their activity in response to changes in
extracellular glucose. These neurons, which are an important mechanism the brain uses to …

Central regulation of glucose homeostasis

A Tups, J Benzler, D Sergi, SR Ladyman… - Comprehensive …, 2011 - Wiley Online Library
The ability of the brain to directly control glucose levels in the blood independently of its
effects on food intake and body weight has been known ever since 1854 when Claude …

Lactate-induced release of GABA in the ventromedial hypothalamus contributes to counterregulatory failure in recurrent hypoglycemia and diabetes

O Chan, SA Paranjape, A Horblitt, W Zhu… - Diabetes, 2013 - Am Diabetes Assoc
Suppression of GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is
crucial for full activation of counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia, and increased γ …

Glucose regulates hypothalamic long-chain fatty acid metabolism via AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in neurons and astrocytes

B Taïb, K Bouyakdan, C Hryhorczuk, D Rodaros… - Journal of Biological …, 2013 - ASBMB
Hypothalamic controls of energy balance rely on the detection of circulating nutrients such
as glucose and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) by the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) …